Method and system for managing information technology data

ABSTRACT

Database system for storing information technology (IT) management operational data and a method and apparatus for managing IT data are provided. The database utilizes an integrated database schema. IT operational data is stored into the database using the integrated database schema and the database is accessed by plural applications and/or products using the integrated database schema.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser.No. 60,657,976, filed Mar. 2, 2005, entitled Method and Apparatus forManaging Information Technology Data, which is hereby incorporated byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to enterprise and informationtechnology management and, more particularly, to a method and system formanaging information technology data.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Information technology (“IT”) is a term associated with all forms oftechnology used to create, store, exchange and use “information” in itsvarious forms. The growing reliance on IT by enterprises, such asorganizations, companies, universities, etc., to manage informationmakes optimizing the use of IT for managing information increasinglyimportant to the successful and efficient operation of thoseenterprises.

Information technology (IT) exploded in the late 1990s as competingforces of globalization, competition and demand set up a scenario wherebusinesses could not purchase software and hardware fast enough to keepup with emerging technology.

At the same time, the amount of new data generated worldwide grew by asmuch as 30% a year—and may have doubled between 1999 and 2002 alone.Email, with as many as 31 billion messages sent daily, createdapproximately 667,585 terabytes of new information on its own accordingto some sources. Businesses, facing a deluge of unstructured informationand increasingly unable to control it effectively, are experiencing adata explosion that they must now bring under control.

In an effort to harness this deluge of information, management tools areemerging to equip Chief Information Officers (“CIOs”) with bettersolutions and strategies that interoperate more effectively across theorganization. IT departments purchased and implemented as much as 50%more management software than application software in 2004, reinforcingthe growing need for solutions that deliver results in this new age ofmanagement software.

Nearly all aspects of IT are affected by unstructured data, including:corporate networks and the Internet; email; storage; desktops andservers; databases; applications and application servers; wireless;telecommunications; and security. Inflexible PC architectures combinedwith lots of custom software further frustrate IT efforts.

In many instances, management of IT is a complex task becauseinformation technology typically spans a number of domains (for example,storage, security, operations, service, job, server and desktop,applications and databases, life cycle, etc.), and because IT systemscan span complex networks with multiple access points and servers, andnumerous software components and computing devices. To meet and exceedthese demands, an enterprise's IT department needs a way to effectivelymanage the global information technology infrastructure. Enterprisemanagement application software (or products) allows an enterprise's ITdepartment to manage the enterprise's IT infrastructure, includinggathering information about critical resources. The information gatheredby the enterprise management software provides IT departments with aview of an enterprise's IT infrastructure.

Conventional enterprise management software allows IT departments tomanage their information. Conventional management software oftenutilizes its own standards, resulting in complex infrastructureadministration. Enterprises may find it difficult to administer thesoftware they use to manage their information technology infrastructurebecause IT data may be in different locations and in different databaseschemas. In addition, enterprises may also find it difficult to accessthe data and obtain an accurate view of their IT infrastructure. Forexample, enterprises often need to utilize multiple applicationprogramming interfaces (“APIs”) in order to access data from disparatesources.

Conventionally, data can be archived in a data warehouse which storesinformation from different systems, functions, and locations across anenterprise. However, the information stored in data warehouse is notoperational real time data and is typically analytical data (i.e.,after-the-fact data used for reporting and business intelligence).

Enterprises often find themselves with IT infrastructures that areover-built, underutilized, ill-secured and not aligned with businessgoals. Accordingly, there is a need for a reliable and efficient way tomanage IT data in order to simplify infrastructure administration andeliminate boundaries between products and/or standards.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This application describes tools (in the form of methodologies,apparatuses, and systems) for managing information technology data. Thetools may be embodied in one or more computer programs stored on acomputer readable medium or program storage device and/or transmitted inthe form of a computer data signal in one or more segments via acomputer network or other transmission medium.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a databasesystem for storing information technology (IT) management operationaldata for a plurality of IT management software, includes a databasesystem that utilizes a single schema common to a plurality of ITmanagement software systems or products.

A method for managing information technology (IT) data according to anembodiment of the present disclosure, includes creating and maintaininga database utilizing a single integrated database schema, storing IToperational data from plural IT management software into the database,each IT management software using the single integrated database schema,and accessing the database via the single integrated database schema.

An apparatus for managing information technology (IT) data, according toan embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a database utilizing asingle integrated database schema, storing means for storing IToperational data into the database using the single integrated databaseschema, and accessing means configured to allow plural IT managementsoftware to access the database utilizing the single integrated databaseschema.

A computer readable storage medium including computer executable codefor managing information technology (IT) data, according to anembodiment of the present disclosure, includes code for creating adatabase which utilizes a single integrated database schema, code forstoring IT operational data into the database using the singleintegrated database schema, and code for accessing the databaseutilizing the single integrated database schema.

Technical advantages of particular embodiments of the present inventioninclude a system and method for managing information technology datathat incorporates a single, integrated database schema (tables, columns,views, etc.) for the management data stored by multiple or all productswithin an organization, including both mainframe and distributed.

Further technical advantages of particular embodiments of the presentinvention include integration having increased visibility into theunderlying IT management data, by providing an integrated singledatabase and schema for IT management data. This speeds ITdecision-making and helps to reduce costs and increase utilization ofexisting infrastructure. For example, delivering access to storage,performance, hardware, and software information that is managed in asingle database enables fully-informed decisions about hardware,software and storage purchases, provisioning, scheduling, dataprotection and more.

Further technical advantages of particular embodiments of the presentinvention include a single schema for the management of IT data thatenables the integration of products without additional programmingefforts to accomplish the integration. Other methods of integration thatdo not include a single database schema often require point-to-pointprogramming efforts to access data from disparate sources. Thisintegration of data enables development of new product features becauseof the availability of data, and shortens development time because thereis little need for programming interfaces to make disparate dataavailable.

Further technical advantages of particular embodiments of the presentinvention include a single management database which means that there isonly one database that needs administration, rather than many. Thismakes the database (and the products that use the database) easier tomanage and less expensive. Ad hoc reporting, data mining and any othernon-product operations that use the single management database areeasier to accomplish because the data is in a single location and notmany.

Further technical advantages of particular embodiments of the presentinvention include a single management database that uses a relationaldatabase management system to store its data. This means that the datais available and accessible through an easy to use, well understood,access language (e.g., SQL-Structured Query Language—language thatprovides an interface to relational database systems). In addition toease of data access, relational database management systems provide ahigh degree of reliability, availability, scalability as well as goodperformance and cluster support.

Further technical advantages of particular embodiments of the presentinvention include a single database that may serve as a configurationmanagement database as it stores most ITIL related data (incidents,problems, change orders, assets, etc.) as well as a great deal moredata. ITIL recommends the use of a configuration management database tostore information about the elements that are used to provision andmanage IT services.

Other technical advantages are readily apparent to one skilled in theart from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete and thorough understanding of the present embodimentsand advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the followingdescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich like reference numbers indicate like features, and wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram illustrating conventional informationtechnology management products and/or applications;

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary computer system capable ofimplementing the method and system of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3A shows a block diagram illustrating a database system for storinginformation technology management operational data, according to oneembodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3B shows a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for managinginformation technology data, according an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 3C shows a flow chart illustrating a method for managinginformation technology data, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram illustrating an example of a schemasuitable for use in accordance with the teachings of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram illustrating a system of managinginformation technology data, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram illustrating assorted examples of types ofoperational and analytical data which may be coupled through anintegrated database schema, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure; and

FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of an enterprise infrastructuremanagement system and method, that incorporates teachings of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following embodiments are described and/or illustrated to aid in anunderstanding of the subject matter of this disclosure, but are notintended, and may not be construed, to limit in any way the claims whichfollow thereafter. Therefore, while specific terminology is employed forthe sake of clarity in describing some embodiments, the presentdisclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology soselected, and it is to be understood that each specific element includesall equivalents which operate in a similar manner.

The 21st-century enterprise must adapt and exist in a constantenvironment of change. In order to accomplish this goal, managementtools need to harmonize infrastructure management, storage management,security management, and application life cycle and data management,etc. This strategy tightens the link between IT and business objectivesso companies can anticipate and quickly respond to change.

Improving the management of information-laden content is now recognizedas one of the most essential requirements of a new age centered onmanagement. This shift is transforming IT as we know it, and thestrategy is central to enhancing productivity in today'sservice-oriented economy, cutting the cost of operations, and improvingthe speed, accuracy and quality of decision making in the IT departmentand across the organization.

IT, once tasked only with overseeing the corporate network andadministering PCs, now faces a whole new level and responsibility formanaging the enterprise. The role of IT manager as both technologyexpert and key strategist in the corporate boardroom is a reality.Businesses facing new regulations, more stringent corporate governanceand regulatory scrutiny are increasingly relying on IT as the nervecenter to best manage information appropriately.

Today's CIOs must focus on managing the resulting complexity, whilefacing yet another transition to the future. Because CIOs serveline-of-business executives who worry about cost and flexibility,reducing business risks and time-to-market, they must align their goalswith those of their business peers—today and beyond. To get there, thesemanagers should transition to the software industry's powerful newweapon to deliver on the promise of IT and business goals—a tool thatfacilitates management.

Adapting to change is one of the CIO's top challenge today.Consolidation and standardization remain at the top of the IT agenda.Once solved, CIOs will begin to virtualize and better provisionsoftware, hardware and the services required to meet their computingneeds, with the ultimate optimization being capacity sourced dynamicallyand flowing transparently through and across firewalls. This change iscompounded with large-scale, inlaying technology shifts: (i) Network, toGigabit Ethernet and wireless; (ii) Storage, to Petabyte environmentsand networked storage (SANs); (iii) Cluster of blades, to Linux anddisposable hardware; (iv) Regulatory requirements, to Sarbanes-Oxley,Basel II; (v) Security, to an exponential rise in vulnerabilities; (vi)Standards, to ITIL, DCML, SNIA, Global Grid Forum; (vii) Extendedenterprise, to Outsourcing, business process hosting, offshoring; and(viii) Open innovation, to one million open source contributors.

As if this is not enough, every major software and hardware provider hasintroduced new platforms: (i) Microsoft—Longhorn and DSI; (ii) Sun—N1;(iii) HP—Agile computing; (iv) IBM—WebSphere and On-Demand; (v)Oracle—10 g; and (vi) SAP—Netweaver.

These changes, combined with the lack of coordination among industrysuppliers and across shifts in fundamental technology, have forcedcustomers to accept a five letter word: “patch.”

In 2004, among the top five technology providers alone, there were asmany as 75,000 changes released as patches across all softwareplatforms, operating systems, languages and applications. That isapproximately one patch every seven minutes.

This rate of change is ever-increasing and complexity continues to grow.On top of that, it all needs to be managed. Beginning at the dawn of theinformation revolution, we are now entering the age of managementsoftware.

“Getting IT right” means making it cost-effective and transparent. Thisprocess has been touted under many names—Grid Computing, AdaptiveComputing, Just-in-Time Computing, Utility Computing—and some can evensee beyond all this (the Mesh). But the prevailing term is On-DemandComputing.

Many major vendors have joined the race to refine this concept and tobring products to market that will meet IT needs: IBM with On-DemandComputing, HP with its Adaptive Infrastructure, Sun with its N1Architecture, Microsoft with its Dynamic Systems Initiative (DSI), andOracle with its Grid 10G. Cisco and Veritas are also in the running. Therest of the industry will likely follow.

Commitments to research and development in this arena are estimated tobe in the billions of dollars, making it imperative for IT professionalsto understand what it's all about. Getting IT right is all aboutManaging On-Demand Computing^(SM). It's the management component thattruly enables the alignment of technology and business needs. That iswhat drives the vision of on-demand.

The teachings of the present invention help to enable CIOs to focus oncost-effective tools that simplify infrastructure administration andovercome boundaries between products and standards, creating systemtransparency throughout the enterprise. Offering cross-platform,cross-vendor, cross-application and cross-standard support managementtools (e.g., with a single, integrated database schema), companies canscale to connect with legacy systems and also work optimally with futurestandards-based technologies. This approach allows CIOs to choose asolution that protects their ROI and eliminates single vendor lock-in.It is only with this integrated approach to management that companieswill be able to begin to get their IT houses in order.

Adopting real-time infrastructures, IT groups gain network managementinsights through event-driven architectures. Automating tasks, activenetwork self-managing and self-healing all result in greater efficiencyfor IT. Patches and potential conflicts can be identified by the systemand deployed without user intervention, saving IT time and resources.

Organizations with simplified, real-time infrastructures can begin toincrease their utilization of hardware, software and other components.This entails the ability to virtualize and provision across theinfrastructure for resource sharing. This automation and provisioningenables companies to utilize their labor resources as well. With theadvent of reliable automated environments, organizations will have theability to scale their businesses without having to hire extensive oradditional labor resources.

Ultimately, IT must be aligned with the business. You must havevisibility into how IT resources and services support the business sothat IT can be managed by business process. You should have thecapabilities to build a service-oriented architecture to provide IT as aseamless service to the end user. And there should be full transparencyinto the IT costs of supporting the various areas of the business sothat the organization has the tools to use IT strategically.

It is only with these capabilities that an organization will be able toget its IT house in order so that IT can be run as it should—as anintegral and strategic part of the business it supports.

Asset Optimization

To remain agile, companies need to manage their assets across the entirecomputing infrastructure—from the network to systems to databases toapplications—and the entire web infrastructure connecting these layers.If they can't discover those assets, IT cannot manage them. And if theyare not managed correctly, security and storage issues can arise.

Despite their best efforts, companies have virtually no idea what ITassets they actually have, who is using them, how much they are spendingor how much they are wasting. Nor do they know how IT truly impacts thebusiness. Traditional tools geared toward managing globally distributedIT assets are not always up to the task, handling problems in silos andarchitecturally not up to the challenge.

An entirely new analytical foundation should be used to handle themultidimensional complexity of today's business needs. As we move towarda more service-oriented architecture model, where network capacity andstorage capacity are dynamically linked and managed, CIOs willincreasingly need to look for ways to optimize their assets.

Facing the complexity of managing IT, CIOs can no longer view security,storage, enterprise management and network systems managementseparately. Instead, they should focus on the completeness of allcomponents in a management solution. By adopting a holistic approach, ITgroups can get an accurate global view of how technology supports thebusiness. With this link between IT and business objectives, companiescan anticipate and quickly respond to new requirements and even createnew opportunities.

Asset Optimization: The Management Platform

Assets are becoming increasingly important to CIOs and CEOs, who need todetermine how to best manage assets, people, information and devices;add applications throughout the enterprise; secure data; and,ultimately, move into a more service-oriented architecture wherecapacity, both network and storage, are all likely to be dynamicallysourced and managed.

Common data and business processes are at the heart of integratedmanagement software. These span assets, people, performance, businessrules, policies, schedules, work flow, service levels and a whole lotmore.

The “management platform” consists fundamentally of asset optimization.If you don't know what you have, how can you manage it?

The teachings of the present invention will assist an organization indiscovering and inventorying all hardware assets and software assets(supporting Windows, Unix, Linux and open source (Eclipse, Apache,Xerces, OpenLDAP, OpenSSL, OCFS, Open DLM)) throughout the corporatenetwork, in “real time”. Once discovered, that information may be storedin a management database (MDB) for central administration. Updates tothe MDB can occur at appropriate intervals, specified by corporatemanagement. The assets it records may be governed by policies, owned bypeople or organizations, and regulated by different service levels.

Further, the teachings of the present invention may help to correlatebusiness processes to individual assets and network traffic. Based onusage, SmartBPV associates from dozens to hundreds of assets with eachbusiness process (such as procure-to-pay, email self-service, loanorigination), enabling executives to manage down to the element level,the application level or the business-process level.

The teachings of the present invention will assist in determining whatsoftware is on what hardware, how many installed instances of a softwareproduct verses the number of licenses purchased, what asset is owned by:(i) which employee; (ii) what department; and (iii) what cost center,whether a particular server has ever been backed up (and if so, when),if a particular server is available for job scheduling, and whetherthere are service tickets against a particular asset.

Once you know what you own, you can: (i) Secure the assets; (ii) Managetheir life cycles; (iii) Improve operational efficiencies; (iv) Providedata protection; (v) Set service levels; and/or (vi) Implement financialcontrols. Benefits of asset optimization allow an organization to: (i)Help ensure software-license compliance; (ii) Manage contracts andleases; (iii) Optimize procurement; (iv) Retire assets as appropriate;(v) Audit vendors; (vi) Manage risk; and/or (vii) Allocate assetscost-effectively.

Operations Management

The teachings of the present invention assist a user to manage theentire IT stack—from desktops to networking, URL to spindle. These arethe operational aspects of IT. Operations automation includes desktopsand servers, applications and databases, networks and systems, and thework (job optimization) that must execute across the computingenvironment.

Solutions that target enterprise operations reduce the total cost ofownership (TCO), ease desktop migrations, help ensure high availabilityof applications and databases, add new capabilities to the environment,enhance network and system performance, and improve reliability. Systemjobs optimize processing by helping to guarantee work assignments atspecific service levels.

Desktop Management

Desktop management systems include backup, software delivery, remotecontrol, virus protection, vulnerability and patch management, andmigration of personal settings.

Applications and Databases

CIOs want to manage applications and databases at the business-processlevel rather than by router number or complex server name. Enterpriseinfrastructure management enables CIOs to manage processes the waybusiness executives think of them. When they are so managed, operation,in effect, becomes invisible.

The teachings of the present invention may be used to supportSAP/NetWeaver, PeopleSoft, Exchange, Oracle 10 g, SQL Server, IBM DB2and DB2-UDB, WebSphere, BEA WebLogic, and others. These systems shouldnot only perform, but should be available and secure, and should beguaranteed with clear and manageable service levels. They can involvehundreds of devices—from routers, storage, servers, databases andapplication servers, up to additional systems.

Network and Systems

The Network Operations Center (NOC) is the heart of the data center andall infrastructure events come through the NOC. Event management andcorrelation engines that incorporate the teachings of the presentinvention allow network operations to host a single event consoleoverseeing security, network, systems, storage and applications. Becausea typical large company can generate millions of events a day, theresponsible personnel need automated support to identify which eventscall for explicit management.

Networks are also expanding into wireless. By 2006, networks may be 20%wireless and 802.11 moves beyond traditional wire-line management. Userswill look for secure connections, high quality of service and invisiblemanagement. Administrators want perimeter protection, enforcement ofpolicies and WEP key management.

Job Optimization

Large organizations need to manage thousands, or tens of thousands, ofwork packages per day. Work needs to be assigned dynamically toresources available across all environments, applications, databases andmachines. Job optimization in accordance with the teachings of thepresent invention enables dynamic allocation of work packages toavailable resources across the full range of platforms and systems inthe market. Whether for order entry, enterprise backup or customer batchscripts—and regardless of vendor—such systems enable a user to set andmanage service levels for work assignment and completion.

Storage Management

Data volumes are crossing the threshold between terabytes and petabytes,with no sign of slowing down. Exabytes are said to be no more than fiveyears away, according to experts.

Storage management today is being driven by these rising volumes of dataand the significant savings that stem from storing data in digitalformat rather than the original format. Film, video, voice, email,X-rays and documents are all cheaper to store in their non-nativeformats.

Converging with the data explosion is the plummeting cost of storage.The price of data storage has reached the point that the primary concernfor CIOs is now related to labor costs. The industry is also beingimpacted, as technology is driving the industry from direct-attachedstorage to storage area networks (SANs), with standard IP-based storagedevices looming on the horizon and potentially reducing price furtheryet.

Data files, applications and databases must be protected. Storage mustbe discovered, allocated and provisioned for the greatest efficiency.SANs must be designed and deployed. In all cases, information movesthrough a prescribed and directed life cycle, whether stored in files,in a document management system, in Exchange, in SQL Server or in anOracle database.

Storage management products that incorporate the teachings of thepresent invention can be designed to meet these needs comprehensively.Given a complete and integrated storage management system, the focus canchange from manual backup to continuous data protection and instantrecovery. This comprehensive approach may cut costs as much as 50%compared to “best-of-breed” point offerings, and it arms them to moreeffectively manage the complex IT maintenance area.

Customers are not just interested in storage for SAN purposes; they alsowant to have security and network management capabilities for the SANarea, demonstrating integration between storage, security and enterprisemanagement.

Security Management

Enabling a secure infrastructure is perhaps the highest priority andmost pressing challenge for CIOs today. The Internet is a globalnetwork, with tens of millions of users, many of whom are always on withcontinuous connections. Firewalls have provided unreliable assurance forIT. A principal problem payload is email.

Complete security is about securing the entire IT stack, from desktopsto networks, URL to spindle.

Complete and integrated security, in accordance with the teachings ofthe present invention, allow a user to address:

Identity and Access Management

-   -   Enterprise credentials and authorization    -   Access control    -   Administration of users and groups

Threat Management

-   -   Vulnerability management    -   Secure content management    -   Protection against viruses and other malicious software

Security Information Management

-   -   World-class content team    -   Notification and publication services

Each and every patch issued has implications on multipleprocesses—whether it targets new functionality, increases stability ordecreases risk. But every patch also represents a potential securityevent.

Life Cycle Management

Software assets must be managed. What CIO does not have a multiyearapplication requirements backlog? Professionally managing the life cycleof software assets, whether custom or packaged applications, willimprove data reusability, code quality, speed of delivery, end-useracceptance and run time manageability, and it will promote thecomprehensiveness with which software needs are met.

Life cycle management includes:

Business portfolio management

Business modeling and requirements

Analysis, modeling and construction

Change and configuration management

Testing

Service Management

Managing operations, storage, security and life cycles can ultimatelyenable an invisible and efficient IT infrastructure. CIOs are businessleaders responsible to their companies for service support and delivery,and for IT financial administration.

Most IT organizations are fiscally managed: yearly IT costs are dividedby employee count to arrive at an average that is then allocated to eachemployee—regardless of the true burden that employees impose onresources.

Imagine how the world would function if other businesses were managedthis way; for instance, if an automobile maintenance shop were to billits average job costs to each of its customers, then every customerwould want to own a Porsche, in order to maximize his or her money'sworth.

There is a better model in which every executive is charged for what heor she truly uses and for the service level actually required. Detailedand accurate data will enable smart people to make smart businessdecisions.

Service management software that incorporates the teachings of thepresent invention can help to provide: (i) Service catalogs; (ii)Service-level management; (iii) Incident and knowledge management; (iv)Functionality for metering, billing and chargeback; and/or (v) Assetfinancial administration.

The most effective IT organizations rely on visibility of costs andservice levels for planning and budgeting as well as for day-to-day IToperations.

Intelligence

Many IT executives and managers cannot answer the most basic questionsregarding their global environments. Indeed, these questions can benearly impossible to answer when management processes are fragmentedacross many vendors, resulting in fragmented data.

The fragmenting of processes across multiple vendors and databases notonly adds cost, but breeds inefficiencies, and obscures or destroysvaluable information—information the company needs to leverage in orderto make better business decisions.

Harvesting information from the database makes possible more effectivebusiness decisions. Sometimes, that information is incomplete; when itis, improving the associated business processes can produce moreaccurate and comprehensive data. This cycle—imperfect process, imperfectdata, improved process, improved data, improved process, improveddata—can continue indefinitely, blazing the trail toward world-classinfrastructure.

Common Services

Enterprise Infrastructure Management software should be built on aframework of common services: on a common data schema and a singletechnology stack. These common services can be used to provide a “stack”that is optimized for management. The traditional application technologystack relegates management to an afterthought.

The teachings of the present invention provide a system and method formanaging Information Technology data that may include a managementdatabase that incorporates a single integrated database schema (set ofobjects—tables, columns, views, indexes, etc.) for the management ofdata stored by multiple or all products, including both mainframe anddistributed. Particular embodiments of the present invention areillustrated and described in more detail, with reference to FIGS. 1-7.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating conventional IT managementproducts and/or applications. Security application 101, discoveryapplication 102, storage application 103, and management application 104have respective databases containing their own data. For example,security application 101 has a database containing security data 105,discovery application 102 has a database containing discovery data 106,storage application 103 has a database containing storage data 107, andmanagement application 104 has a database containing management data108. These multiple databases may each contain some common (duplicate)data in different formats, which can make managing IT data difficult.When an enterprise having such plural databases has a need for a singledatabase, the conventional approach is to develop custom software forbringing together the data from the disparate databases. Such approachescan be costly and inefficient.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a computer system 200 which mayimplement the tools (for example, in the format of method, apparatus andsystem) of the present disclosure. The tools of the present disclosuremay be implemented via a software application running on a computersystem, for example, a mainframe, personal computer (PC), handheldcomputer, server, etc. The software application may be stored on arecording media locally accessible by the computer system, for example,floppy disk, compact disk, hard disk, etc., or may be remote from thecomputer system and accessible via a hard wired or wireless connectionto a network, for example, a local area network, or the Internet. Thetools may be delivered via a client-server or distributed system, or mayreside in a standalone configuration.

The computer system 200 can include a central processing unit (CPU) 202,program and data storage devices 204, a printer interface 206, a displayunit 208, a (LAN) local area network data transmission controller 210, aLAN interface 212, a network controller 214, an internal bus 216, andone or more input devices 218 (for example, a keyboard, mouse etc.). Asshown, the system 200 may be connected to a database 220, via a link222.

The computer system 200 is illustrated as a particular embodiment of acomputer system that may benefit from the teachings of the presentinvention. The specific embodiments described herein are illustrative,computer system(s) as referred to herein may include(s) individualcomputers, servers, computing resources, networks, etc., and manyvariations can be introduced on these embodiments without departing fromthe spirit of the disclosure or from the scope of the appended claims.In many instances, the tools of this application may be utilized tomanage IT infrastructures comprising numerous servers, storage areanetworks (SANs), mainframes, etc. Therefore, although not shown in FIG.2, the database 220 may be accessed by and/or coupled with any of thenumerous IT components in the infrastructure.

A database system for storing information technology (IT) managementoperational data, according to one embodiment of the disclosure, will bediscussed with reference to FIG. 3A. The database 36 stores ITmanagement operational data 39 for a plurality of IT management software37. The database 36 utilizes a single schema 38 common to the pluralityof IT management software 37. The IT management operational data 39 mayinclude data for any one of the following IT management domains:storage, security, operations, service, job, server and desktop,applications and database, lifecycle, assets and inventory,organizations and people, policies and rules, schedules and workflows,events, metadata, etc. The single schema 38 may be represented by one ormore tables, columns and views.

Particular types of IT data that may be managed in accordance with theteachings of the present invention are described in more detail below:

Assets and Inventory

IT management is all about the management, monitoring, maintenance andmaximizing the utilization and performance of hardware and softwareassets and inventory. Assets include software (definitions, instances,agents/managers), hardware (devices, computers, virtualization andstorage), licenses (hardware and software), and data (files, volumes,databases, source code, content, documents, reports, etc.). Inventorymanagement discovers hardware, software, and/or other assets in realtime and reconciliation processes match discovered inventory topurchased.

Storage

Storage data includes information or metadata about the files, databasesand applications that are backed up by products.

Service

Service data includes service level agreements, service catalogs,incidents, problems and change orders. It also includes metering andperformance data used for service level management.

Organization/People

Managing the IT infrastructure means administering people (users), theorganizations they belong to, their access rights and privileges. Itrequires defining the locations of people as well as hardware andsoftware.

Policies/Rules

Policy or rules govern the way your IT infrastructure (and/or) businessoperates. Policies can be defined for all IT management domains(storage, operations, security and life cycle management.)

Schedules/Workflows

Job scheduling and workflow processing help improve the efficiency andcapabilities of IT operations. Job scheduling deals with performance ofbatch processes on a daily, monthly basis while workflow deals with themanagement and monitoring of business (and/or human related) processes.

Events

Events are things, either expected or unexpected, that happen at giventimes. In an IT environment an almost unlimited assortment of events canoccur at any point in time. Events can signify exceptions, for examplethat a system is down; or facts, for example, that a job has started ora system has been backed up. Storing event data provides a way to trackwhat happens in an IT environment and to define actions that shouldoccur upon their receipt.

Meta Data

Metadata is “data” about data. Metadata is the core to repository,source code control, and database and model management products.However, meta data is frequently used to store mapping information for avariety of other sources such as user interfaces. Examples include dataabout storage, data stored and used by development tools, data storedand used by modeling and repositories, and data stored and used to mapobjects of a table.

Software Settings

Software settings are used to configure and direct the operation ofsoftware products. Many products have a variety of settings that can beconfigured and a common schema is used to define what the settings canbe and what they are when products operate.

Software Configurations

Software configurations (e.g., set-up information) define the waysoftware is created or built and include parameters that specify how asoftware product operates (registries often hold these values). Softwareconfigurations often include versions, change history, deltas, and listsof source code files, global variables, and compiler switches used tocreate one or more software modules. Thus, software configurationsinclude support for application change and life cycle management.

Business Processes

Business processes are the functions of an organization that provideresults. Business processes include business functions, processes(manual or automated) that can be implemented using assets, hardware,software, databases, people, schedules and/or workflows. Typically,business processes have associated values, costs and life-cycles thatneed to be managed. Some examples of business processes/functions arereceiving orders, making products, and servicing customers.

An apparatus for managing information technology (IT) data, according toone embodiment of the disclosure, will be discussed with reference toFIG. 3B. The apparatus 30 includes a database 36, storing means 32 andaccessing means 33. In addition, schema-creating means may optionally beincluded for creating a single integrated database schema for adatabase. The database 36 utilizes a single integrated database schema38. The storing means 32 stores IT operational data into the database 36using the single integrated database schema 38. The accessing means 33accesses the database 36 by utilizing the single integrated databaseschema 38. It should be apparent that the storing means 32 and accessingmeans 33 can be respective portions of, or routines in, a computerprogram which manages IT data (and perhaps performs other functions).

A method for managing information technology (IT) data, will beexplained below with reference to FIGS. 3B and 3C. A database 36 iscreated and maintained utilizing a single integrated database schema 38(Step S301). The storing means 32 stores IT operational data from pluralIT management software into the database 36, each IT management softwareusing the single integrated database schema 38 (Step S302). Theaccessing means 33 accesses the database 36 via the single integrateddatabase schema 38 (Step S303).

Many enterprises are finding a need to better understand how to managetheir information assets, which is becoming increasingly important fordetermining how to best manage assets, people, information, and devices,adding applications throughout the enterprise, securing data, andtransitioning into a more service-oriented architecture where capacity,both network and storage, is becoming dynamically sourced and managed.If enterprises do not know what they have, they cannot manage it.Optimizing information assets solves these problems and enablesorganizations to implement recommended best practices, delivering a moreefficient organization through information technology. For example,asset optimization can be used to help ensure software-licensecompliance, optimize procurement, retire assets as appropriate, managecontracts and leases, audit vendors, manage risk, allocate assetscost-effectively, etc.

Providing common information technology data and business processesallows for an integrated management software application and/or product.IT data and business processes may span assets, people, performance,business rules, policies, schedules, work flow, service levels, etc. Toeffectively manage the information technology data, applications and/orproducts preferably can discover and inventory hardware and softwareassets through a computer system in real time. Once discovered, assetinformation may be stored in a management database system for centraladministration. The assets stored in the database system may be governedby policies, owned by people or organizations, and regulated bydifferent service levels.

Increased visibility into the underlying IT management data for anenterprise may be provided by an integrated single database and schemafor IT management data. This may help speed IT decision-making and helpto reduce costs and increase utilization of existing infrastructure. Forexample, delivering access to storage, performance, hardware andsoftware information that is managed in a single database enablesfully-informed decisions about hardware, software and storage purchases,provisioning, scheduling, data protection, etc.

A database schema defines and describes the overall structure ofdatabase tables that store information. In the simplest case, a databaseschema may comprise a single table of information. FIG. 4 is a blockdiagram illustrating an example of such a schema. The schema diagramdisplays the structure of each record type but does not show the actualrecord instances. Each record (row) within the asset table 401 mightrepresent a unique asset, with each field (column) representing relevantasset information (type, location, class definition, source location,property, discovered data, etc.). For example, each asset 401 record ina database may include data in a table representing the asset's type402, location 403, class definition 404, source location 405, property406, and/or discovered software 407. Each record (row) within theorganization table 408 might represent a unique organization, with eachfield (column) representing relevant organization information (type,company, location, state province, contact, email address, job title,etc.). For example, each organization 408 record in a database mayinclude data in a table representing the organization's type 409,company 410, location 411, state province 412, contact 413, emailaddress 414, and/or job title 415. More complex schema may comprisemultiple tables related to one another through a common uniqueidentifier.

The problems encountered by conventional information technologymanagement products and/or applications can be avoided through themethod, apparatus and system of the present disclosure, morespecifically, through storing much, or all the information technologydata used by one or more applications and/or products in an integrateddatabase schema, making the data available in a single location.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a system of managing informationtechnology data, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Security application 101, discovery application 102, storage application103, and management application 104 can access a database 501 via thesingle integrated database schema, where the database contains all ofthe IT operational data, for example, created and maintained by theapplications.

The utilization of a single integrated database schema allows formanagement optimization and enables enterprises to be more effective andmake better decisions with respect to the operation of their informationtechnology infrastructures. The single integrated database schema alsoenables enterprises to integrate their IT management software withoutadditional programming efforts. For example, other methods ofintegration that do not include a single database schema requirepoint-to-point programming efforts to access data from disparatesources. The integration of data enables enterprises to easily developnew product features by eliminating the need for programming interfacesthat make disparate data available, thereby shortening development time.

The single integrated database schema (through, for example, tables,rows, columns, views, etc.) may be used while allowing access toinformation technology data in real time (for example, transactionaldata) for applications and/or products, such as, for example, suites ofinformation technology management applications, in a central database,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The database mayinclude all of the information technology data created and maintained byall of the applications and/or products used by an enterprise.

A central database allows management information to be centrally managedby discovering and maintaining a database of the inventory of hardwareand software, administering user rights and privileges, defining andmanaging policies, mapping assets to business processes, etc. Without acentral database, the data may be stored in different locations andschemas, making it difficult to integrate and create new features thattake advantage of the relationships between the data. For example,without a central database, it may not be easy to determine whether aserver located through a discovery process has been backed up, since thedata for discovery and storage may be maintained by separate products,in separate databases and on separate servers. A central databaseprovides data in the same single integrated schema making discovery amuch more simple process. The central database and single integrateddatabase schema allow enterprises to determine readily through assortedapplications and programs how many assets they own, how many assets arein production, how many assets are not managed, what hardware andsoftware is related to what business process, what version of softwareis being utilized and its patch level, how much total storage is unused,how many applications and databases are unprotected, what thethird-party software license risk is, what assets are vulnerable tosecurity threats, what security events are important, etc.

The system, apparatus and method of the present disclosure provideenterprises with asset optimization. Among the many benefits ofoptimizing assets are the following: ensuring software licensecompliance, contract and lease management, procurement optimization,asset retirement, vendor auditing and risk management, correctallocation of assets, etc. A single management database means that thereis only one database that needs administration, rather than many. Thismakes the database (and the products that use the database) easier tomanage and less expensive.

The database may utilize a relational database management system tostore data, making data available and accessible through an easy to use,well understood access language, such as Structured Query Language(“SQL”). This provides the database with ease of data access, a highdegree of reliability, availability, scalability, good performance andcluster support, etc.

The single integrated database may be packaged and installed as part ofan embedded database installation. Any application and/or product thatmay utilize the integrated database may verify that the database isinstalled by using an Application Programming Interface (“API”). Withina version of the schema, according to one embodiment, new fields may beadded, but a restriction can be imposed so that they cannot be removedand their data types cannot change. For example, the tables may holdstatic data, such as machine identifiers, and/or dynamic data, such aspoint-in-time (snapshot) data, real time data (always current), and/orhistorical (log or trend) data. Static data may be loaded once when thedatabase is created. Dynamic data may be loaded when the applicationand/or product using the data executes with or without updates. Sometables may be updated by more than one application and/or product.Indeed the single integrated database schema facilitates access bymultiple applications and products.

The single integrated database schema ties together data from assortedinformation technology management disciplines. The schema can beextended to store information technology management data from anysoftware used to manage information technology infrastructure. Accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure, new application and/orproduct features can be easily provided because the data is provided ina single integrated database schema and is readily available. Forexample, a feature allowing users to determine through a discoveryprocess whether a server was backed up on the previous day can be easilyimplemented because data from respective servers are readily availablethrough the same integrated schema, as opposed to disparate schemaslocated on different servers where tables have columns with differentnames.

The single integrated database schema may include data for any of thefollowing information technology management domains: operations,storage, security, service, job, server and desktop, applications anddatabases and/or life cycle, etc.

Operations management may include information technology data for orfrom any of the following: servers and desktops, applications anddatabases, networks and systems, and job optimizations. The system,apparatus and method of the present disclosure may be used to facilitateoperations management by easing desktop migrations, helping ensure highavailability of applications and databases, enhancing network and systemperformance, and improving reliability through job optimization.

Storage management may include operational data for or from any of thefollowing IT features: data protection, storage resource management,storage area network optimization, and information life cyclemanagement. The system, apparatus and method of the present disclosurefacilitate storage management by providing continuous data protectionand instant recovery.

Security management may include operational data for or from any of thefollowing IT features: identity and access management, threatmanagement, and security information management. The system, apparatusand method of the present disclosure facilitates identity and accessmanagement, threat management and security information management byproviding complete and integrated security. It centralizes data foraccess control, enterprise credential authorization, vulnerabilitymanagement, secure content management, protection against viruses andother malicious software, notification and publication services, etc.

Life cycle management may include operational data for any of thefollowing IT features: application assets and life cycle maintenance.The system, apparatus and method of the present disclosure allows thelife cycle of software assets to be managed efficiently, improving datareusability, code quality, speed of delivery, end-user acceptance andrun-time manageability.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating assorted exemplary types ofoperational and analytical data which may be coupled through a singleintegrated database schema, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. Each box in the diagram represents categories of data thatcan represent numerous of individual data entities. The following typesof data may be included in a central database 600: asset data 601, eventdata 602, service data 603, business process data 604,schedules/workflow data 605, software/configuration data 606, securitydata 607, storage data 608, meta data 609, and/or policy/rule data 610.The asset data 601 may include information about hardware (for example,devices, computers virtualization, storage, etc.), software (forexample, definitions, instances, agents/managers, etc.), networks, data(for example, files, content, volumes, databases, source code, etc.),hardware and software licenses, etc. The event data 602 may include datathat represents events that occur when expected or unexpected eventstake place in the information technology infrastructure, such astriggers and/or alerts, etc. The service data 603 may include datarelated to services, such as service catalogs, service level agreements,service offerings, incidents/requests, escalations, change orders,compliance, etc. The business process data 604 may include informationabout business functions as they relate to both hardware and softwarethat have costs, values and life cycles, etc. The schedule/workflow data605 may include data that define any of the following: processes thatare to be performed (for example, jobs, tasks, etc.), when processes areto be performed (for example, schedules, calendars, etc), and/or statusinformation relating to the processes (for example, workflows). Thesoftware configuration data 606 may include data that may be used tomanage and track the building of source code into deployable modules,such as versions, change history, deltas, list of source code files,global variables, compiler switches, etc. The security data 607 mayinclude data related to enforcing the security of organizations, users,hardware and/or software, etc. The storage data 608 may include dataabout storage. The meta data 609 may include data about data, such asdata about storage, data stored and used by development tools, datastored and used by modeling and repositories, data stored and used tomap objects to tables, etc. The policy/rule data 610 may include dataused to enforce rules for management (for example, license management,enterprise management, and/or storage management), security, business,general purpose, and/or configuration, etc.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, additional tablesmay be added to the integrated database. According to another embodimentof the present disclosure, one or more instances of the integrateddatabase can be installed on a system.

Thus, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, theinformation technology data may be accessed from the central managementdatabase (“MDB”) by applications and/or products through an easy to use,well understood access language, such as, Structured Query Language(SQL). The central database may be linked to plural applications and/orproducts by using plural common services. The common services mayinclude a portal, a report writer, a business process manager, aservice-oriented architecture, an application server, and/or one or moreagents. The service-oriented architecture may be built on web servicesand may place the workload where resources are available.

The MDB enables product integration, and through this allows thecreating of intelligence focused applications. With all of the data in asingle database schema, answers to questions about the operation of theIT infrastructure are available. As an example, the MDB storesinformation about hardware and software assets, storage and jobscheduling. Having this data available in the same database, with commonasset identifiers enables answering the following types of questionsabout an organizations IT infrastructure: (i) How many assets do wehave? (ii) Is there a license exposure/audit risk? (iii) What databasesare backed up or have not been backed up? (iv) Do we have underutilizedstorage? (v) Do we have a consolidation opportunity? (vi) What assetsare vulnerable? (vii) Do we have risks for particular businessprocesses? (viii) Which servers (and who did we buy them from) have themost incidents? (ix) Do we have servers with capacity and applicationsrequired for job execution via scheduler.

FIG. 7 illustrates a graphical representation of an enterpriseinfrastructure management method and system, that incorporates aspectsof the present invention. This (physical and/or logical) structureallows a user to automate IT operations, storage, security, life-cycleand service management.

Schema

The MDB provides a single schema for management data. The schemaincludes operational/transaction data as well as analytical data usedfor intelligence and data mining. Depending on an organizations businessneeds and structure they can chose to run their operation using a singleMDB or multiple. However, the schema may remain the same.

The database of the present disclosure may be deployed by using a singlerepository for the entire managed environment or it may be deployed inmultiple instances in a hub and spoke model. This decision isenvironment specific and may be determined during the architecturephase. For example, in large environments where real time and statesinformation needs to be maintained out at the network edges, oftenmultiple databases may be deployed.

The Hub and spoke deployment allows customers to deploy a module at atime, by functional suite, by integrated business flow or by logicalfunctional segment. Because the database definitions are consistentacross all nodes in the environment, distributed queries can easily spandatabases. In addition, common services may be provided to enable datamovement and migration into the open and relational data structures andAPIs of the MDB. Thus, products and technologies may be delivered thatcollect any distributed information into a central MDB, in batch mode,for reporting and intelligent decision making.

For customers with extremely large environments that have multiplerepositories due to organizational, scaling or geographic reasons,existing product specific synchronization technologies may be used.

Data replication can also be used to provide a federated approach.Management information can be segmented and implemented byfunction/geography and organization, each with its own MDB. Data fromeach MDB is replicated to a central database server that provides asingle integrated view of the companies IT infrastructure. Managementinformation in each MDB would be close to the point of management. Datafrom different databases (MDBs) may be accessed as if it were onedatabase.

The MDB greatly simplifies efforts to deploy products in a largeenvironment through the use of a single schema, rationalization of thedescription of an asset, increased integration between the desktopmanagement products and the introduction of intelligence products thatcollect all the information necessary to present an enterprise view.

The MDB provides a single schema definition that may be used by many, orevery product. The MDB also provides the sharing of a standarddefinition of assets, users, access information and other items acrossproducts. This provides the basis for brand new solutions such as theintelligence products that can now leverage all the informationnecessary to present an enterprise view of management information

MDB Schema

Management information may be written directly to the MDB by products.Connectors may be provided that move data from other managementplatforms into the MDB. In addition, there are other options forintegrating external management information into the MDB:

XML import/export utilities can move data into the MDB or out.Customer's who can get management data from an external managementsystem into an XML document can use XML transforms to convert from theoriginating format into the an import format to load the MDB. (Note thatthis may require a data mapping exercise that maps the external data toone or more tables in the MDB.) Industry standard tools, such as Xercesand Xalan can be used to perform the XML transforms. Extracting datafrom the MDB is a similar process.

A data transformer program may provide direct SQL access to all leadingdatabases, and may include the ability to accept and create files, andtransform XML data to/from relational database systems.

Custom programs may be written for this purpose.

The Common Information Model Standard (CIM) provides an object model fordescribing a number of types of management information. The MDB providesa complete definition for all management information across operations,storage, security, life cycle and service management disciplines. CIMinterfaces to the MDB may be supported as well as any other majorindustry standards. The MDB may provide data beyond that covered by CIMand include richer and more robust relationships.

Many companies today still use a discovery process to populate much ofthe information about IT assets. The MDB provides a single consistentrepository for IT Assets. For example, if a change process creates anasset for a new server, then any product will be able to share thedefinition of that server. So when the server comes online, a managermay “discover” the server and extend the asset definition with currentinformation about any vulnerabilities that might exist on that server.

Numerous other changes, substitutions, variations, alterations andmodifications may be ascertained by those skilled in the art and it isintended that the present invention encompass all such changes,substitutions, variations, alterations and modifications as fallingwithin the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Moreover, thepresent invention is not intended to be limited in any way by anystatement in the specification that is not otherwise reflected in theclaims.

1. A database system for storing information technology (IT) managementoperational data for a plurality of IT management software, wherein thedatabase system utilizes a single schema common to the plural ITmanagement software.
 2. The database system of claim 1, wherein the ITmanagement operational data includes data for two or more of thefollowing domains: storage; security; operations; service; job; serverand desktop; applications and databases; lifecycle; assets andinventory; organizations and people; policies and rules; schedules andworkflows; events; and metadata.
 3. The database system of claim 1,wherein the single schema is represented by one or more of tables,columns and views.
 4. The database system of claim 1, wherein thedatabase utilizes a relational database management system to store data.5. A method for managing information technology (IT) data, comprising:creating and maintaining a database utilizing a single integrateddatabase schema; storing IT operational data from plural IT managementsoftware into the database, each IT management software using the singleintegrated database schema; and accessing the database via the singleintegrated database schema.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the storedIT operational data comprises one or more of asset data, event data,service data, business process data, schedule and workflow data,software configuration data, security data, storage data, meta data andpolicy data.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the stored IT operationaldata comprises data created and maintained by plural applications and/orproducts.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the database is accessed byplural applications and/or products.
 9. The method of claim 5, whereinthe single integrated database schema comprises one or more tables. 10.A program storage device readable by a computer, tangibly embodying aprogram of instructions executable by the computer to perform the methodof claim
 1. 11. A computer data signal transmitted in one or moresegments in a transmission medium which embodies instructions executableby a computer to perform the method of claim
 5. 12. A computer systemcomprising: a processor; and a program storage device readable by thecomputer system, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executableby the processor to perform the method of claim
 5. 13. An apparatus formanaging information technology (IT) data, comprising: a databaseutilizing a single integrated database schema; storing means for storingIT operational data into the database using the single integrateddatabase schema; and accessing means configured to allow plural ITmanagement software to access the database utilizing the singleintegrated database schema.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein theIT operational data stored by said storing means into the database usingthe single integrated schema comprises one or more of asset data, eventdata, service data, business process data, schedule and workflow data,software configuration data, security data, storage data, meta data andpolicy data.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the IT operationaldata stored by said storing means into the database using the singleintegrated schema comprises data created and maintained by pluralapplications and/or products.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein thedatabase is accessed means by plural applications and/or products. 17.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the single integrated database schemacomprises one or more tables.
 18. A computer readable storage mediumincluding computer executable code for managing information technology(IT) data, comprising: code for creating a database which utilizes asingle integrated database schema; code for storing IT operational datainto the database using the single integrated database schema; and codefor accessing the database utilizing the single integrated databaseschema.
 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 18, whereinthe stored IT operational data comprises one or more of asset data,event data, service data, business process data, schedule and workflowdata, software configuration data, security data, storage data, metadata and policy data.
 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim18, wherein the stored IT operational data comprises data created andmaintained by plural applications and/or products.
 21. The computerreadable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the database is accessed byplural applications and/or products.
 22. The computer readable storagemedium of claim 18, wherein the single integrated database schemacomprises one or more tables.